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Pakistan
Introduction
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Background: The
separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan
(with two sections West and East) and largely Hindu India was never
satisfactorily resolved. A third war between these countries in 1971
resulted in East Pakistan seceding and becoming the separate nation
of Bangladesh. A dispute over the state of Kashmir is ongoing. In response
to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan conducted its own tests
in 1998. Pakistan Geography : Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north Geographic coordinates: 30 00 N, 70 00 E Map references: Asia Area: total: 803,940 sq km land: 778,720 sq km water: 25,220
sq km Area - comparative: slightly
less than twice the size of California Land boundaries: total: 6,774 km border countries: Afghanistan
2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km Coastline: 1,046
km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 NM Continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin Exclusive economic zone: 200 NM Territorial sea: 12
NM Climate: mostly
hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north Terrain:
flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan
plateau in west Elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: K2
(Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m Natural resources: land,
extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal,
iron ore, copper, salt, limestone Land use: arable land: 27% Permanent crops: 1% Permanent pastures: 6% forests and woodland: 5% Other: 61%
(1993 est.) Irrigated land: 171,100
sq km (1993 est.) Population:
144,616,639 (July 2001 est.) Death rate:
9.26 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) Net migration rate:
-0.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) male: 60.61 years female: 62.32 years (2001 est.) Ethnic groups: Balochi,
Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Muhajir (immigrants from India at the
time of partition and their descendants) Religions:
Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3% Languages:
Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu
(official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and
lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski,
and other 8% Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 42.7% male: 55.3% female: 29% (1998)
Conventional short form: Pakistan Former: West
Pakistan Administrative divisions: 4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, Sindh Independence: 14
August 1947 National holiday:
Republic Day, 23 March (1956) Constitution:
10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December
1985; suspended 15 October 1999 Flag description:
green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities)
on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the
green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols
of Islam Currency: Pakistani
rupee (PKR) Currency code: PKR
Exchange rates:
Pakistani rupees per US dollar - 59.152 (January 2001), 52.814 (2000),
49.118 (1999), 44.943 (1998), 40.918 (1997), 35.909 (1996) Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June Internet country code:
.pk Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
30 (2000) Internet users:
1.2 million (2000) Ports and harbors: Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim |
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